How and why did England lead the way during the industrial revolution in the 19th century?

England lead the way for the Industrial Revolution as the Agricultural Revolution and the rise of capitalism changed the purpose and nature of the work industry. Before the Industrial Revolution, villages fed themselves, and animals grazed in common pastures. The farmers would leave one field fallow every season because they wanted to save the soil. They realized this wasn’t efficient so they started to plant turnips, clovers, and use all the fields so that more could grow at once. They needed to change their way of work because the old way wasn’t efficient. Early capitalism can be seen in the cottage industry. Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit.
As the cottage industry couldn’t keep up with the demand for textiles, production moved to factories. The merchant’s role in the cottage industry was to supply the materials (wool and cotton) to the cottages to be carded and spun. The process took a long time becaus...