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There are two main explanations of how organisms learn. The
first explanation is known as classical conditioning. The second
explanation is known as operant conditioning. These two types of
learning are exhibited in our everyday lives through our home,
school, and school.
Classical conditioning was discovered by Iran Petrovich
Pavlov. He was originally a physiologist whose main focus was
the digestive system (Gazzaniga 230). His discovery was made
during a study on the salivation of dogs when given food. Pavlov
observed that the dogs began salivating at the sound of the
scientists footsteps and at their appearance into the room (231).
This led Pavlov to study the phenomenon further.
The experiments that Pavlov was originally observing were
based on the set of unconditioned stimulus and its unconditioned
response. What is meant by conditioned is that the response is
automatic and based on instinct. To compliment this name the
stimulus is known as the u...