programing

Introduction
Behavioral data from human infants in operant conditioning and deferred imitation paradigms have indicated that the development of the ability to abstract and apply common information across situations, representational flexibility, is a major hallmark of memory development. For young infants, memory retrieval is contingent upon an exact match between the cues present at the time of encoding and the cues present at the time of retrieval (for reviews, see Barr & Hayne, 2000; Rovee-Collier & Hayne, 1987). For older infants, however, the range of effective retrieval cues gradually broadens, allowing past experiences to be retrieved by cues or contexts different from those present during original encoding (Hayne, Boniface, & Barr, 2000; Hayne, McDonald, & Barr, 1997; Herbert & Hayne, 2000).
As infants begin to crawl, they are faced with the ongoing challenge of transferring information acquired in one context to similar problems encountered in another context. From this per...