Digital Audio Principals

The world around us in a standard sense such as conversation and listening is analogue – the basic principals of audio its self is a sound wave and wave forms donate an analogue signal. But with regards to modern society and its computers – we have to conform to their language – this is called binary logic, or a digital signal a series of 1’s and 0’s that get sequenced in code form. We generally refer to a digital signal as having a bit rate, this means that a signal holds 8 1’s and 0’s for every piece of audio data.

Analogue to digital conversion
Analogue to digital conversion is the easier form of audio conversion for example lets use the theory of a microphone plugged into a computer sound card.
Let's start with a very short piece of stereo audio:

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As noted on the timeline this represents just slightly over 100 milliseconds of this piece of audio. From this graphic we can apparently see deviations in amplitude over time, but we must also be aw...