Culture and Management

JN 501 Management Culture and Environment
What is management?
Management is creative problem solving. This creative problem solving is accomplished through four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The intended result is the use of an organization's resources in a way that accomplishes its mission and objectives. (Higgins, page 7)
In Management Excel, this standard definition is modified to align more closely with our teaching objectives and to communicate more clearly the content of the organizing function. Organizing is divided into organizing and staffing so that the importance of staffing in small businesses receives emphasis along side organizing. In the management literature, directing and leading are used interchangeably.

While most research on organization-environment interactions concerns itself with the effect of environment on well-established organizations, Stinchcombe argues that the environment at time of founding has the greatest...