Chemistry

Question 1 a) Fractional Distillation is an easy process, which is used to separate the components of Crude Oil. Fractional Distillation begins with the heating of the mixture (liquid) to a high temperature. This is commonly done with high pressure steam, which can reach up to 600 degrees Celsius. The mixture begins to boil and many of the substances go into what is known as the vapor phase. These vapors enter the bottom of the distillation column, which is filled with trays or plates. These trays are filled with holes in order to allow vapor past. These trays help to collect the liquids, which are formed by the vapors at different temperatures.
As the vapor rises through the column, it cools down. When a substance in the vapor reaches a height where the temperature in the column equals its boiling point, it will condense and a liquid is formed. The substance with the lowest boiling point will condense at the top of the tower and the substance with the highest boiling point will conde...