abnormal psyc terms

CHAPTER 1

· Personal and cultural points of view come into conflict to cause abnormal behavior.
· Myth of mental illness: notion that rather than reflecting mental illness, abnormal behavior is simply different or wrong or a reasonable response to an unreasonable situation.
· Theorists believe that abnormal behavior is due to something wrong with society.
· It was originally believed that abnormal behavior was caused by evil or the devil.
· Look at diagram attached. (1.1)
· Trephination: a procedure in which holes are dilled in the skull; thought to be used by Stone Age people to release the evil spirits that cause abnormal behavior
· Exorcism: a treatment for mental illness that involves driving out the devil or evil spirits thought to cause disorder.
· Hippocrates: an early Greek physician who proposed that abnormal behaviors resulted from the imbalance of humors (fluids) in the body.
· Humors: fluids in the body, whose imbalance was thought by early Greeks to cause abnormal behavior.
· Asylums: institutions developed primarily during the Age of Enlightenment in which the mentally ill could take refuge.
· Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem: the first hospital specifically for the mentally ill-London
· Philippe Pinel: a physician who began improving the conditions and care of mentally ill patients.
· William Tuke: an English Quaker who founded a retreat for the mentally ill.
· Benjamin Rush: a physician who introduced humane care of mental patients in the United States. Involved bleeding patients, mental illness was due to excessive blood to the brain.
· Dorothea Dix: A New England school teacher who waged an active campaign to build mental hospitals in the U.S.
· Moral Treatment: one of the first psychological treatments to be used for mental patients; it involved providing better living conditions for patients and treating them as normal individuals.
· Franz Mesmer: a French Physician who believed that disorders were due to imbalances of magnetic fluids and who is considered to be the father of hypnosis.
· Mesmerism: the original term for hypnosis
· Jean-Martin Charcot: A French physician who thought that illnesses were due to a weak nervous system and treated them with hypnosis.
· Hysterical disorders: physical disorders for which a physical cause cannot be found.
· Explanations for anxiety: stress, learning, incorrect beliefs, physiology
· Sigmund Freud: An early neurologist who suggested that abnormal behaviors were the result of stressful experiences that were stored in the unconscious and continues to influence the individual.
· Anna O.: A patient who played an important role in Freud’s thinking about the causes and treatments of abnormal behavior.
· Unconscious: a portion of the mind in which anxiety-provoking memories are stored.
· Psychoanalysis: developed by Freud, patient goes back over earlier experienced to find and understand the one that is causing current symptoms.
· Pavlov: discovered Classical conditioning
· Thorndike: identified operant conditioning
· Watson: conditioning to understand and treatment of abnormal behavior in humans.
· Behavior therapy: patients unlearn abnormal behaviors
· Beck: ...