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possible not only because performance ratings are so subjective, but also because prejudice leads to perceptions that are not well-intentioned in the first place.

Political skills are also responsible for the evaluations received by many employees. Those who know ingratiating tactics will be evaluated better than those who lack such skills. Since it has been found that older workers are less likely to use such tactics, it is possible that older workers often receive a lower evaluation than younger workers, not only because of the ageist prejudices already discussed, but also because of their failure to "kowtow" to supervisors who are often younger than they are.

This assault upon the economic and emotional stability of so-called "older" workers is therefore enhanced by the practice of permitting recent college graduates without any supervisory experience or with limited supervisory experience to become managers and thus supervise older employees.

By "older" is meant he...